The second conjugation is much like the first, and it uses many similar endings with the first conjugation. This conjugation is unique in that all four of its primary verb forms (discussed a little later) are predictable, unlike in the other conjugations. The first conjugation of verbs centers around the letter "a". There are five conjugations (or you could say six if you count the third as two conjugations). These conjugations are actually quite similar to one another, but nonetheless they conjugate differently. Yes, that is right: there are several types of verbs that take on different endings based on its conjugation. When discussing nouns we talked of declensions, in verbs we talk of conjugations. However, there is no need to fear because these forms will be learned a few at a time. For a verb, it can be categorized as any combination of these:Īn in addition to these forms, there are also some imperative, infinitive, participle, gerund, and supine forms. In each of the sentences, the underlined word means the same thing, but it is of a different form:Īll these forms come from the many different ways a verb can be used. You can see a completed chart for the word amare. Verbs are the most diverse words in all of Latin with some verbs having over 100 different forms that each are interpreted a different way. Here, the basic ideas of verbs will be discussed. It is well worth learning their future forms.The verbs of Latin are probably the most convoluted things in the language mostly due to the vast number of forms that each verb could take depending on how it is being used. Two irregular verbs you will frequently come across are ‘ esse’, ‘to be’, and ‘ ire’, ‘to go’. The stem for venio, venire, veni, ventum (4) is veni– Latin To form the future tense for fourth conjugation verbs remove the ‘- re’ from the infinitive form of the verb to get the stem and add the relevant ending. The stem for concedo, concedere, concessi, concessum (3) is conced– Latin To form the future tense for third conjugation verbs remove the ‘ -ere’ from the infinitive form of the verb to get the stem and add the relevant ending. The first person singular uses ‘a-’ instead of ‘e-’, and the present tense ending of ‘-o’ changes to ‘-m’. The difference is that they are preceded by ‘ e-’. In the future simple tense, the endings for third and fourth conjugation verbs are the same as those in the present. The stem for do, dare, dedi, datum (1) is da- Latin To form the future tense for first and second conjugation verbs, remove ‘ -re’ from the end of the infinitive form of the verb to get the stem and then add the relevant ending above. The difference is that they are preceded by ‘ b-’ in the first person singular, ‘ bu-’ in the third person plural and ‘ bi-’ for the remaining persons. In the future simple tense, the endings for first and second conjugation verbs are the same as those in the present. In each conjugation, the verbs share the same endings:Īn example of a first conjugation verb is: confirmo, confirmare, confirmavi, confirmatum (1) – to confirm.Īn example of a second conjugation verb is: habeo, habere, habui, habitum (2) – to haveĪn example of a third conjugation verb is: duco, ducere, duxi, ductum (3) – to leadĪn example of a fourth conjugation verb is: audio, audire, audivi, auditum (4) – to hear First and second conjugation verbs Remember, Latin verbs are divided into four groups, or conjugations. In Latin, just as with the present and past tenses, we need to know the conjugation a verb belongs to in order to make a future tense. In English, we use ‘will’ to make this tense.Įgo Lucie messuagium dabo – I will give a messuage to Lucy In order to talk about events that we expect to take place in the future we use the future simple tense. So far we have looked at verbs in the present tense and verbs in the past tenses.
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